Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 1732 Words

Throughout history, women’s opportunities have been determined by their wealth, position in society, and their family’s status. However, a woman’s future was not only affected by the situation she was born into, but by the choices she made, including whether she chose to marry. Women’s circumstances have been analyzed in classic as well as modern literature, including Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. While women are expected to get married and start a family rather than devote time to a high-powered career, many women do not desire motherhood and would rather further a career than spend the majority of their time working on their marriage. In Pride and Prejudice, marriage is a central focus of the novel because of the massive role it†¦show more content†¦Collins, an odd, slightly unpleasant man, is entirely based on the comfortable home he will provide her. By characterizing Charlotte as a rational, level-headed person, Austen â€Å"endorses, with qualifications, an economically pragmatic view† of marriage (Frost 265). Additionally, Elizabeth Bennet is considered foolish by those around her because she refuses both Mr. Collins’s and Mr. Darcy’s proposals of marriage. By turning both men down, Elizabeth â€Å"stuns the offerers, not because Collins and Darcy believe Elizabeth loves them, but because they calculate their proposals to be economically unrefusable† (Frost 263). Through the characterization of Charlotte and Elizabeth as rational and foolish respectively, Austen suggests the absolute necessity of marriage, no matter the feelings of the couple for one another. In the 1800s, marriage lacked the romantic connotation it carries so strongly today; most marriages were the result of prior planning or a rational consideration of the advantages of the bride’s dowry and the groom’s fortune. While marriage is a primary concern for young, single women in Pride and Prejudice, the society around them also has a keen interest in the marrying off of daughters to respectable men. Mrs. Bennet, Elizabeth’s mother, for example, spends the entirety of the novel either fretting about her daughters’s chances at marriage or smugly recounting their husbands and incomes to anyone she meets. Despite Mrs. Bennet’s often frantic

The Declaration Of Sentiments By Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Tory Lynch Marlaire AP Lit P.1 27 January 2015 Essay Contest: The Declaration of Sentiments In the Declaration of Sentiments, author Elizabeth Cady Stanton expresses her anger of the oppression experienced by women in the United States. After being rejected to attend the World’s Anti-Slavery convention in London, Stanton was frustrated because she was being rejected for being a woman. This motivated Stanton to share her own ideas on advocating women’s rights and changing the way women are treated in society because of the mistreatment done to her, as well as many women across the nation waiting for their voices to be heard. Stanton parallels the Declaration of Sentiments with the Declaration of Independence by using laws that the male population regarded as righteous and including how it had negative effects on over half the American population. This put into question male authority and supremacy, creating a more concrete argument by revealing what men already have under the law, to what women should have. The sophistication of the Declaration of Sentiments to a document that the U.S. government values highly, threatens the values of the U.S. by making women’s rights a more pressing issue. The Declaration of Sentiments targeted the U.S. government and the population by appealing to their own opinions and beliefs in order to recognize that women were being treated like second-class citizens. Although the Declaration of Sentiments never made a significant impact on theShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Sentiments By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1135 Words   |  5 Pageswomen today, but possibly none more important than the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The declaration was able to make an extremely strong and memorable impact, not only for the ideas presented in it, but also for its strong rhetoric and use of figurative language such as anaphora and syntax; also, notable is its imitation of the â€Å"Declaration of Independence†. Though written over one hundred years ago, the declaration written at the Seneca Falls Convention addressing women’sRead MoreThe Declaration Of Sentiments, By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1714 Words   |  7 PagesOver the holiday, please read pages 114-143 in the Language of Composition. 1. Analyze Stanton s use of induction and deduction to support her claim and develop the argument. 4-5 paragraphs. Inductions, a series of examples, can be used to verify a major premise, which can then be the framework for deductions, by applying it to a specific case (minor premise). Deductive reasoning can be structured as a syllogism, a â€Å"logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach aRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton s Declaration Of Sentiments1249 Words   |  5 PagesMy paper will include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and what made her set out to start the Women s Rights Movement with her friend Susan B Anthony. Elizabeth became an early leader for the women s rights movements, writing the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† as a sign for equal rights for women.In every soul there is bound up some truth and some error, and each gives to the world of thought what no other one possesses.—Cousin. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born on November 12, 1815 in Johnstown New York.Read MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton s Declaration Of Sentiments And Resolutions Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesA Call to Women, a Call to All Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought tirelessly against inequality between men and women, an issue that still plagues this nation. From her first address to her last, Elizabeth was the voice of the women’s rights movement. She lectured across the nation and publically debated the unjust laws of her day (â€Å"Elizabeth Cady Stanton†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Two of her more prominent and potent speeches were â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions† and â€Å"Solitude of Self†. These speeches served asRead MoreThe Declaration Of Sentiments And Resolutions, By Elizabeth Cady Stanton And Ain t I A Woman1187 Words   |  5 PagesShorter 14th Edition there are two very powerful speeches by two completely different women who were fighting for the same cause. The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Ain t I A Woman? 1863 By Sojourner Truth both argue for women s right to vote. While both women have similar arguments, their methods are differe nt. Stanton s argument speaks on the legality of things, how unconstitutional it is and in some ways points to the wrong doers. On the other handRead MoreSeneca Falls Research Paper1471 Words   |  6 Pageswomen. Women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Coffin Mott helped to kickstart the innovative ideas produced before and through the convention. The Wesleyan Methodist Church in Seneca Falls was the site of the first womens rights convention in the United States. The meeting took place on July 19-20, 1848.1 On the first day, only women were permitted to speak, and men joined in on the second day.2 The convention was really started by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Stanton was born in JohnstownRead MoreDeclaration of Sentiments905 Words   |  4 PagesDeclaration of Sentiments The Declarations of sentiments was arguably the most significant document in history for the advancement of women in the nineteenth century America. It was made famous at the first Woman’s Rights Convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York, in July of 1848. Drafted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the declaration outlined a series of grievances resulting from the unfair treatment of women and proposed eleven resolutions arguing that women had the rightRead MoreSeneca Falls The First Women s Rights Convention937 Words   |  4 Pageswomen’s rights convention in the United States. The convention took place at the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, NY, on July 19, 1848 (Seneca Falls Convention Begins). This convention was organized by two abolitionist named Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton with the help of Martha Wright, Mary Ann McClintock, and Jane Hunt. They posted the announcement in the Seneca County Courier on July 14, 1848. The message said â€Å"A Convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious conditions and rightsRead MoreEssay on Elizabeth Cady Stantons Fight for Equality 1252 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth Cady Stanton was not just a mother, daughter, feminist, and writer; but she is the woman who changed the lives of women everywhere by fighting for equality. Stanton lived a normal childhood, but one that motivated her to never give up hope in reaching her goal. A qu ick background of her life will help better understand why she became such a powerful woman’s rights activist. Also, what she accomplished that changed history and how it still affects us today in 2011. I will also express myRead MoreDeclaration of Sentiments by Elizabeth Cady 894 Words   |  4 Pagesone day achieve complete equality with their male counterparts. Two women, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Judy (Syfers) Brady, both recognized the patriarchal society in which women had to endure. They despised the way it heaped inequality and servitude upon women, and decided to assert their opinion on the issue in order to change the perceptions and imposed limitations on women. In Stanton’s speech, â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments†, and in Brady’s article, â€Å"I Want a Wife†, both women attempt to convince

Coffee Free Essays

string(109) " the noticeable elements of a brand and also what the organization wants consumers to perceive the brand as\." Marketing Individual Assignment 3 1) What is the product mix of Trung Nguyen? What are the key attributes of its coffee? How do these attributes help Trung Nguyen to differentiate itself from its competitors? The product mix refers to the total composite of products offered by Trung Nguyen coffee. It consists of different product lines, various product items in each product line and within each item is the product depth. Firstly, the product line is a group of product or service items that are closely related because they are sold to the same consumer groups, are marketed through the same types of outlets, have similar usage or fall within given price ranges. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, Trung Nguyen Coffee’s product lines are: Trung Nguyen Coffee, Passiona Coffee and G7 Instant Coffee. The Passiona Coffee targets at consumers looking for low-caffeine coffee and especially women, while the G7 Instant coffees are made for people who are too busy to brew a cup of coffee themselves. Trung Nguyen Coffee has 3 different product items, namely Creative Coffee, Blend Coffee and Espresso Coffee. Passiona Coffee consists of 2 product item, Passiona roasted coffee and Instant Passiona coffee. As for the G7 Instant Coffees, the product items are G7 Pure soluble, G7 Cappuccino and G7 Instant 3-in-1 coffee. Lastly, product depth is the number of variants in a product item. Trung Nguyen’s product depth of Creative coffee includes the Weasel Coffee and Legendee Coffee. Also, some variations of G7 Cappuccino are the Mocha G7 cappuccino and Hazelnut G7 cappuccino. Different sizes of coffees are considered as product depth as well. For example, the G7 Instant 3-in-1 coffee is sold in 3 different sizes: a box of 18 cafe sticks, a bag of 22 sachets or a bulk pack bag of 100 sachets. Table1: Summary of product mix of Trung Nguyen | Product lines| | Trung Nguyen Coffee| Passiona Coffee| G7 Instant Coffee| Product items| -Blend coffee-Espresso coffee-Creative coffee Product depth: Weasel coffeeLegendee coffee| -Passiona roasted coffee-Passiona instant coffee| -G7 Pure soluble-G7 cappuccinoProduct epth:Mocha G7 cappuccinoHazelnut G7 cappuccino-G7 instant 3-in-1Product depth:box of 18 cafe sticksbag of 22 sachetsbulk pack bag of 100 sachets| Key attributes refer to the most important characteristics of a product. Trung Nguyen makes its point of difference through its key attributes like using the best coffee beans, unique brewing style and the new coffee concept. Trung Nguyen has a unique selling point because some coffees offered cannot be found anyw here else. Its coffees are authentically Vietnamese. For example, the Weasel coffee is produced based on the legend in Vietnam. To differentiate itself from its competitors, these key attributes must communicate benefits for consumers. The coffee offered by Trung Nguyen is of a higher quality compared to other coffee brands because they use the best coffee beans sourced from four of the world’s best coffee-growing regions. In addition, Trung Nguyen is awarded with the EureGAP certificate for its good agricultural practices such as having consistently good quality coffee beans and using environmentally friendly technologies. Coupled with their oriental secrets, consumers would prefer Trung Nguyen because their coffee is brewed much more aromatic and rich. Trung Nguyen used their new concept of coffee to set up a â€Å"Creative Coffee House† in order to differentiate itself and gain market share. It is now well-known for the innovative clubhouse whereby customers can enjoy coffee in a beautiful and sentimental ambience while experiencing Vietnamese cultural events and exhibitions. For consumers who value such innovative product services, they will choose Trung Nguyen’s coffee over the other â€Å"grab a coffee to go† coffee styles. 2) What are the roles of branding? What are the benefits of branding to sellers and buyers in the coffee market. The role of branding is to create an identity for the product. The identity created can have some personalities and can gain brand equity. Benefits of branding Some benefits of branding for sellers of the Trung Nguyen coffee are that they are able to accentuate the bases of differentiation from its competitors due to its distinct identity. They can obtain legal protection like trademarks to avoid copycats of their brand. The counterfeit products are capable of stealing Trung Nguyen’s sales when consumers are unsure of how the real packaging of coffee looks like. There is also a chance for the counterfeit coffee to ruin Trung Nguyen’s reputation. Consumers who bought the counterfeit coffee by mistake may view Trung Nguyen to be of a lousier quality instead. All this would be effectively prevented by branding because counterfeiting is an offense. Brand equity is created by branding and careful marketing. Trung Nguyen can in turn earn higher profits as consumers are willing to pay a higher price for this particular brand of coffee. Also, brand equity can lead to higher economic value of the brand, whereby it becomes an asset for Trung Nguyen when it wishes to sell its brand. Last but not least, Trung Nguyen can achieve brand loyalty through creating preferences towards their brand. If Trung Nguyen coffee is able to sustain a consistently good quality coffee product, consumers would remember the brand, spread the word around and continually purchase its coffee. On the buyers end, they may reap the most benefits from Trung Nguyen’s branding. Coffee is a convenience product and it is important to make it easy to find. Consumers will be able to correctly identify the products in a short period of time due to Trung Nguyen’s branding thus becoming more efficient shoppers. Furthermore, consumers may gain assurance of product quality and performance. Employees need to ensure products offered are of consistently good quality and so are specially trained to deliver this promise. Consumers will remain loyal to Trung Nguyen coffee because they are satisfied with this brand and have no need to search for another. 3) What constitutes the brand identity of Trung Nguyen? What is your evaluation of this identity? How can the brand identity be improved? Brand identity is the noticeable elements of a brand and also what the organization wants consumers to perceive the brand as. You read "Coffee" in category "Papers" It constitutes of â€Å"Trung Nguyen† as its name, the logo and its tagline â€Å"Explore creative inspiration† A successful brand name should reflect the personality and values of the brand, be simple, memorable, positive and emotional. A logo is the image that embodies an organization. It is one of the most prominent branding elements that consumers will think of when someone mentions the company. A good brand logo should be memorable, futuristic and consistent and be able to portray the benefits to its target audience. The tagline must be simple and easy to remember. It also needs to remain short since the tagline is always incorporated into many marketing pieces. Evaluation of brand name: Consumers associate Trung Nguyen to â€Å"Central highlands† which refers to Dak Lak, the county capital of coffee where green coffee is grown. This gives an advantageous association between Trung Nguyen and high quality and fresh coffee beans. Also, the brand name represents the uniqueness and richness of the Vietnamese culture. However, the name Trung Nguyen does not hold any meaning for non-Vietnamese. This may alienate consumers from other parts of the world. Another bad point could be that its name is hard to pronounce for non- Vietnamese consumers. Possible improvements: Because the company’s name has been around since 1996 when it was founded, it cannot be changed otherwise the company has to build up brand awareness from scratch all over again. Thus, the company should work hard in educating people and let them understand the positive association between Trung Nguyen and â€Å"Central highlands†. For example, they could use their existing Internet website and include this under the â€Å"learn more† option. People visiting the website can then learn about the association and slowly adopt Trung Nguyen as their favourite coffee. Evaluation of logo In my opinion, the logo might be a little small and insignificant. Psychological influences such as selective exposure and retention affects consumer buying behaviour. For example, the appealing cup of coffee printed on its packaging of Creative coffee may distract the consumers from the brand name. The logo is also unattractive and boring due to the usage of dull and non-contrasting colours. The font used in the logo has little stylistic variations making it rather boring as well. Possible improvements Firstly, the logo should be scaled to a bigger size. Also, the marketing manager of Trung Nguyen can make use of brighter and more contrasting colours to make its logo more outstanding and attention-catching. The font could be changed to something cursive. This can better capture consumer’s attention thus leaving a deeper impression and resulting in better brand memory and recognition. For example Coca Cola, with its logo in a strikingly bright red background and white cursive words, is very successful at making sure that every consumer remembers it. Evaluation of tagline: Trung Nguyen’s tagline â€Å"Explore creative inspiration† consists of only 3 simple words hence should be relatively easy for everyone to remember. However, Trung Nguyen tagline is still quite foreign to people across the globe as they do not use much above-the-line marketing. Possible improvements Through the print media and mass media, Trung Nguyen can improve this aspect of its brand identity. The marketing manager could set up a Facebook page and make it known to people. Maintaining a Facebook page is relatively low-cost as compared to constant TV advertisements. Because millions of people are using Facebook, it is very effective for Trung Nguyen to get their brand identity across. Another point of improvement also through the mass media is through its online website. Perhaps the tagline can be added in the â€Å"history of Trung Nguyen† tab as it is currently not. On top of that, they can make use of emotional branding to elicit a favourable emotional response. Adding emotional words like â€Å"Happy†, â€Å"Healthy† and â€Å"Beautiful† could boost sales of their coffee. As consumers become increasingly aware of health and beauty these days, Trung Nguyen can market more of their Passiona coffee which is enriched with collagen, vitamin PP and other rare oriental herbs through its tagline. 4) What is the branding strategy of Trung Nguyen? What are the advantages and risks of this branding strategy? Trung Nguyen uses an umbrella branding strategy. Different types of coffees have a sub-brand which combines the corporate brand with a new brand. Trung Nguyen’s Passiona Roasted coffee and Trung Nguyen’s Espresso coffee are 2 examples. Advantages of umbrella branding: Capitalizing on the existing brand equity of Trung Nguyen, it can sell newly introduced products quickly. Consumers who have had a good experience with its coffee will transfer this favourable attitude to new items. For instance, Trung Nguyen’s Creative coffee may have been developed earlier than Passiona coffee. Consumers who liked Creative coffee would have a higher chance of buying the Passiona coffee because they are under the same brand and so would also be of an equally good quality. Furthermore, the Passiona coffee can be set at a higher price as consumers are willing to pay more for brand value. This can bring about additional profits for Trung Nguyen. Another advantage of using an umbrella brand is a lower advertising and promotion costs. Trung Nguyen only needs to come up with a single advertisement because its coffees share one identity. Also, because Trung Nguyen is used on all of the products, level of brand awareness is easy to raise. To name an example of a successful sub-branding strategy, Gatorade has developed and introduced Gatorade Frost, Gatorade G2, Gatorade energy bar, etc into the market and stayed popular being the leading sports drink brand in many countries. Risks of umbrella branding: In every marketing strategy there is bound to be a down side. Some risks of umbrella branding are that the failure of one type of coffee may affect the sales of the whole Trung Nguyen branded products. It is inadvisable to put all the eggs into one basket. For instance, if the production G7 Mocha had some discrepancy that caused the coffee to be too sweet, consumers may feel that the rest of Trung Nguyen packet instant coffees are as sweet and so switch over to Nescafe coffee instead. Secondly, sales of one product item may come at the expense of other items offered in the same product line. Lastly, the meaning of Trung Nguyen may also be diluted with an umbrella branding strategy. Apart from coffee, Trung Nguyen also has other product such as Green Tea, Oolong tea, etc. However, Trung Nguyen refers to Dak Lak, the county capital of coffee and so offering tea as an alternative beverage is not so relevant to the brand name. How to cite Coffee, Papers

Human Resource Management Principles

Question: The primary purpose of this assessment task is to assist students to develop skills in the application of Human Resource Management (HRM) principles, work-life balance theories and models in the analysis of the present and future role of the HRM function in organisations. The assessment task encourages exploration of the effectiveness of the HRM functions (work-life balance, flexible work arrangements etc.) in dynamic environments and how that effectiveness should be evaluated. The secondary purpose of this assignment is to give students the opportunity to enhance their research, analysis, critical thinking and written communications skills including the identification and development of an argument. Answer: Abstract In this particular study, we have highlighted the pros and cons of work life balance in respect to flexibility in work structure of corporate. Flexibility is giving the employees an option to work less or more according to the need of the organization. This in turn can increase the workload of some efficient employees and can adversely affect the entire organization. Key highlights of this essay are whether flexibility has moved from its main motive or not, affect of excessive workload on the employees and the measures to be taken by employers to motivate employees to work for longer hours during economic downturn balancing their work life. Keywords: Work life balance, flexibility, economic downturn, employees performance, economic crisis, human resource. Introduction In todays world, work life balance is one of the most important issues that are raised by employers all over the world. In order to maintain balance in work life, flexibility has been adopted by most of the organization in which employees are given option to work for lesser hours when demand is low and work for more hours in the period of downturn due to economic crisis (Anderson et al., 2013). Those employees who are willing to work for longer hours during crisis period must be rewarded and assured that when the company will turn around then they will have to work for lesser hours again. In this approach of maintaining flexibility in the work life balance sometime organization faces some hurdles like over load of work on few efficient employees of the organization that in turn adversely affect their productive and give rise to health related issues(Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). Discussion In the context of work life balance, Juliet Brouke the consulting partner of Deloitte Australia has raised the issue that it had adversely affected the idea of flexibility and moved from its original model (Balance, 2013). Previously industries used to face huge problems regarding acquisition of talent from different sources and retention of those talents. Now a days employers are ready to make in different sectors to as to diversify the openings in various business sections. They are now focusing on reduction of the working time along with providing the facilities for part time jobs and overtime to improve the flexibility along with maintaining work life balance (Bartlett, 2013). The concept of work life balance means providing an opportunity to the employees to balance their work life along with their personal life as this will definitely improve the implementation of flexibility in corporate work culture. According to Juliet Brown, the flexibility in work life is not been evenly spread throughout the entire workforce. Because of that, most of the employees in an organization are willing to work less than their scheduled working hours whereas some of the employees are willing to work overtime (Bennett and Ho, 2014). Because of which work pressure is being shifted to few employees, which in turn is adversely affect their productivity and unwillingness to work in long run. Employers are also using the benefit of flexibility in a malicious way at the time of economic emergency by using their efficient employees for more than regular hours by paying them overtime allowances and other perquisite while reducing the work time of less efficient employees. By this way, they are mobilizing the resources of the company towards higher productivity as payments to the employees are based on their working time (Berman et al., 2015). This strategy may be beneficial in the short term at the time of eco nomic crisis but in long run, this will affect the productivity of those efficient employees. At the time of economic crisis, a company may face decline in the demand of products from clients. In that period they can reduce the work time of the employees by availing leaves, pay wages and salaries accordingly, and reduce cost (Bratton and Gold, 2012). Whereas at the time of high demand employers can take the advantage of flexibility and increase the production by motivating the employees to work for longer hours voluntarily. However, in some companies implementation of work life balance does not affect the redundancy, as it is unavoidable (Burg-Brown, 2013). The executive officers have identified the advantage of flexibility in work life as they can minimize cost and idleness of the employees and workers. They know that staffs need to be committed towards their work so that the productivity of the company increases. The employers knows that flexibility is all about managing human resources efficiently in order to the goals and objectives of the organization whether the employees are working full time or half time or taking leaves or working overtime. They know that at the time of economic downtime idealness and redundancy will be higher but this economic situation will improve in future and then they can acquire new talents. The employees also knew that they have to work for longer hours sometimes in downtime for which they will get extra payment in term of monetary and non-monetary perquisites as well as get recognition for that (Freeburg et al., 2014). In short-run productivity does not always means getting extra out of a smaller amoun t. Therefore, when organization requires superior levels of commitment they could find themselves achieving low levels of commitment. In the present day, companies are trying to achieve high sales quota with lower cost to increase their profit and create value for their stakeholders. In order to achieve this target employers know that employees need to give their 100% commitment toward what they are capable of doing (Gangwisch, 2014). This would also affect the working hours of the employees and executives since in multinational companies, conferences and meetings held through telecommunication and teleconferencing. This also saves the cost of travelling from one place to another but at the same time increases the working hours of the executives, as they have to make video calls at night even due to diverse time zones. Until there is an improvement in the structure of the organizational operational efficiency with respect to idleness programs companies are going to harm themselves in order to achieve more with less resources (Hendry, 2012). It is also a well-known fact that efficient employees may give higher produ ction but at the same time, they will get exhausted at certain point of time. Therefore, it can be said that flexibility has moved from its unique idea to a certain extent, which cannot be avoided. Advantages and disadvantages are coupled with it and a systematic management with right approach can lead to proper utilization of management maintaining work life balance. Generally, employees are required to work for longer hours in order to achieve their targets and complete their jobs on scheduled time. They need to be responsible so that company can achieve its objectives and mission. Depending upon the circumstances employees have to either work overtime or reduce the number of leaves taken in order to achieve their targets. They are also given an option to work from home so that they can balance their work life. However, all this situations have negative impact on the productivity of the employees in the end. It harms both the employees and the peoples who are in personal relationship with him. It is seen that working for longer hours can negatively affects the system of human body. Problems like fatigue, sleepiness; negative attitude affects the human system, which in turn affects their performance decreasing production quality and quantity of the company (Hofcker and Knig, 2013). There are many risk associated with the working for longer hours, which are abnormalities in social life, troublesome, control over the employee, job lateness etc. all this factors are to be kept in mind while motivating employees for working for extra time because this in turn can increase the production and operational cost resulting in lower profitability. This also affects the society around them as unintentional errors like road accidents, medical problems arises due to excessive workload. Employees who are working 24*7 face problems decreasing concentration, health related issues, and diseases are not properly diagnosed (Jones, Burke and Westman, 2013). This in turn is decreasing the overall performance of the company affecting its reputation in long run. So if employees are willing to work for more hours it has bad effects on their health and on their social and personal life if they are not given proper incentives. In order to reduce the adverse effect of working longer hours on the employees management must take proper steps to motivate them and make them know their value and importance in the organization (Lewis, 2014). Employees must be reminded of their responsibility and commitment towards the organization. If the management thinks that it is necessary to hear and understand the grievances of the employees and hear from them the problems faced by, they in the organization then they can also do that. After that, management can strategize a proper plan in order to increase their productivity by working longer hours. In addition, the management should look after the imbalance in economic and social movements made by the company in terms of production, operational and financial cost, revenue and profitability of the company as a wh ole. Managers play a pivotal role in motivating the employees the employees to work for extra hours. Managers should guide the employees leading by an example and motivate them to finish their job in time so that employees are not required to take extra stress. The employees must be adequately trained and proper testing of their efficiency must be done to understand their expertise level. Proper management of time is required to finish the job in scheduled time. Activities, which are very crucial and important and required to completed on time, needs to be separated from casual work. Managers should conduct training programs to increase communication skills between the employees Managers are required to have a clear understanding about the goals and objectives of the company so that they can motivate and encourage the employees accordingly. Managers should treat all of their employees equally and partiality should not be there within an organization so that employees are not de-motivated. Managers should be responsible and efficient in making strategic long-term decisions because of which they must be able to allocate works among the employees. Managers must recognize employees when they achieve the desired level of satisfaction and reward them according to keep them encouraged. Managers need to take help of different management tools to measure the performance of the employees so that resources of the company are utilized properly. Different strategies must be developed for employees who are willing to work for late hours so that their productivity is not harmed and their grievances must be addressed. Managers must also push the employees to take their leaves to reduce stress. Therefore, from the above discussion it can be understand that managers play an effective when they need to motivate their employees to work for extra hours (Lewis et al., 2014). They must make sure that working extra hours and late nights are not adversely affecting the productivity and health of the individual employees and the profitability of the organization as a whole. Managers must give proper incentives and benefits to their employees for working extra hours and coordinate with them so that they can also maintain their balance in work life. Now a day employers role in motivating the employees to work for longer hours in the period of economic downturn is gaining very much importance. Employers are more focusing on the health related issues of their employees rather than giving them monetary and non-monetary benefits, allowances, incentives and perquisites such as providing companies flat, car etc. They are now providing medical support, fitness trainer and various services like cleaning, laundry etc to their employees to minimize their stress to some extent. Employees are given benefits after their retirement like pension, gratuity and leave encashment, so that when the down time is over; the work force remaining can understand their responsibility and commitment towards the company, work for the overall betterment of the organization as a whole, and achieve the targets set (Lyness and Judiesch, 2014). In todays world, competition in the market is increasing rapidly and employers are creating pressure on the employees to achieve the set targets maintaining the balance in work life. This is turn is increasing the stress of the employees and affecting their health condition. Many a times financial crisis may lead to cancellation of existing companys policies or postponement of it for a short period. Risk of losing jobs at the time of economic downtime can create stress that may cause health related issues. Employers must motivate the employees by assuring them that company can come over the downtime within very short period if the supports of the employees are there. If they work for longer hours at the time of crisis then when the company turn around they will have to work for lesser time again and will be given benefits and incentives accordingly (Lyonette, 2013). At the time of economic crisis, every resources of the company being land, labor and capital must be allocated properly do that proper utilization can be made. The employers must motivate the employees to complete their scheduled work in time so that they could find time for their family and society. This will reduce the non-completion of work within deadlines and proper management of time and resources to get the desired results. The employees must be adequately trained to minimize wastage of time and resources (Purce, 2014). Every jobs must be divided into several sub parts, focus must be given to the important subpart, and so that utilization of resources is towards valuable subparts. Due to higher work pressure grievances of the employees increases which leads to decrease in their productivity. To balance it proper communication between the employees and employers must be assured by the management of the company so that employees can address their problem to the managers. This will lead to harmony and peace within the organization and teamwork will increase the productive of the workers. In case of any crisis in the economy, the employees must be motivated in order to achieve the optimal production. If there is cooperation between the employees then it will encourage the employer-employee relationship within the organization and a feeling of commitment towards achievement of organizational goals and objectives will grow among them. Moreover, the employers should give confidence to all their employees that downtime will not last forever and company will turn around in the near future so that they work toward the achievement of the objectives of the company. Employers should give proper incentives to the employees for working longer hours like overtime allowances and other facilities (Shanafelt et al., 2012). Proper reward mechanism must be implemented within the organization to recognize the hard work of the employees in the time of downturn and reward them accordingly to satisfy them. In addition, employers should take measures to maintain the balance in the work life so that working overtime does not harm their family and social etiquettes. From the above discussion, it can be said that if employees adopt a combined way of motivating the employees toward working extra hours providing various rewards and incentives balancing their personal and social life then balance in work life can be maintained in the downtime due to economic crisis by adopting flexibility. Conclusion In short, it can be said that that work life balance is the most crucial subject in todays corporate wok culture as flexibility is gaining too much important. Employees are willing to work for longer hours to earn rewards and incentives which if exceeds certain extent can harm their productivity and give rise to medical problems (Wiese, 2015). They can also get detached from their personal and social life that has negative impact on the overall production and profitability of the organization. Reference list Anderson, D., Lewis, S., Lyonette, C., Payne, N., Wood, S. (2013). Work-life balance policies, practices and discourse and public sector cuts. 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